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Native
freshwater
invertebrate
species list |
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Qualifiers for New Zealand threat classifications
CD Conservation dependent
The taxon is likely to be moved to a higher threat category if current management is stopped.
DP Data poor
Confidence in the listing is low due to poor assessment data being available.
De Designated
A taxon that does not fit within criteria, and which has been designated to the most appropriate listing without the full application of criteria.
EW Extinct in the wild
The taxon is only known in captivity or cultivation.
EF Extreme fluctuations
The taxon has extreme unnatural population fluctuations, or natural fluctuations overlaying human-induced declines, that increase the threat of extinction. The lowest number of mature individuals should be used for determining population size.
HI Human induced
Human induced loss of range.
Inc Increasing
IE Island endemic
OL One location
PD Partial decline
RR Range restricted
RF Recruitment failure
The current population may appear stable, but the age structure is such that future catastrophic declines are likely.
SO Secure overseas
Secure in those parts of it's natural range outside New Zealand.
Sp Sparse
Taxa occur within small and widely scattered populations.
St Stable
Total population is stable, within a 10% factor, over the last 10 years or three generations, which ever is the longer period.
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NEW ZEALAND ECOLOGY |
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FRESHWATER INVERTEBRATES |
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Evidence of a vicariant Gondwana origin of New Zealand's fresh-water fauna is provided by the relationship between Galaxiid fish and parasitic larvae of the freshwater mussel, genus Hyridella, which attach to the fish's gills to obtain nutrients and a free ride. By coincidence, the mussel family Hyriidae occurs in New Zealand, South America and eastern Australia with Galaxiid fishes. This indicates an ancient ancestry and Gondwana origin of some New Zealand freshwater invertebrates and Galaxiid fish. There is more evidence with Temnocephala flatworms that attach to koura, the freshwater crayfish. Flatworms have the same relationship with crayfish in Australia, and South America. |
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Class Bivalvia, Order Unionoida
Hyriidae |
Freshwater mussel (kakahi) Hyridella aucklandica [Gray, 1843]
[endemic] |
Freshwater mussel (kakahi) Hyridella menziesii [Gray, 1843]
[endemic] [5] Gradual decline |
Freshwater mussel Cucumerunio websteri
Freshwater mussel (kakahi) Cucumerunio websteri delli
[McMichael & Hiscock, 1958] [endemic] [8] Data deficient
Freshwater mussel (kakahi) Cucumerunio websteri websteri
[Simpson, 1902] [endemic] [8] Data deficient |
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Order Veneroida
Sphaeriidae |
Freshwater clam Pisidium casertanum [Poli, 1781] |
Freshwater clam Pisidium hodgkini [Suter, 1905] [endemic] |
Freshwater clam Sphaerium novaezelandiae [Deshayes, 1854]
[endemic] |
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Class Polychaeta, Order Canalipalpata
Spionidae |
Polychaete worm Scolecolepides freemani
[7] Range restricted |
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Order Aciculata
Nereidae |
Freshwater polychaete (worm) Namanereis tiriteae
[Winterbourne, 1969] [6] Sparse SO |
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Class Malacostraca, Order Amphipoda
Corophiidae |
Freshwater amphipod Chaetocorophium lucasi [Hurley, 1954]
[endemic] [6] Sparse |
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Order Decapoda
Parastacidae |
Northern koura (freshwater crayfish) Paranephrops planifrons
[endemic] [5] Gradual decline See image above right |
Southern koura (freshwater crayfish) Paranephrops zealandicus
[endemic] [5] Gradual decline |
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Hymenosomatidae |
Freshwater crab (Papaka wai maori) Amarinus lacustris
[Chilton, 1882] [6] Sparse SO |
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Atyidae |
New Zealand freshwater shrimp (kouraura) Paratya curvirostris
[Heller, 1862] [endemic] |
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Class Gastropoda, Subclass Prosobranchia
Hydrobiidae |
Freshwater snail Catapyrgus spelaeus [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Hadopyrgus anops [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Hadopyrgus brevis [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Horatia nelsonensis [Climo, 1977]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Opacuincola caeca [Ponder, 1966]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Opacuincola kuscheli [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Paxillostium nanum [Gardner, 1970]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
New Zealand mud snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum
[Gray, 1843] [endemic] |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus cresswelli [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted OL |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus dawbini [Powell, 1955]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus estuarinus [Winterbourne, 1971]
[endemic] |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus gardneri [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus pupoides [Hutton, 1882]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus manneringi [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted DP |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus subterraneus [Suter, 1905]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Potamopyrgus troglodytes [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted OL |
Freshwater snail Saganoa inflata [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater snail Saganoa mica [Climo, 1974]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
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Class Gastropoda ... continued
Latiidae |
Freshwater limpet Latia climoi [Starobogatov, 1986] [endemic]
[8] Data deficient |
Freshwater limpet Latia neritoides [Gray, 1850] [endemic] |
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Lymnaeidae |
Freshwater snail Lymnaea tomentosa [Pfeiffer, 1855]
Freshwater snail Lymnaea tomentosa tomentosa
[endemic] [1] Nationally critical
Freshwater snail Lymnaea tomentosa hamiltoni [Dell, 1956]
[endemic] Extinct |
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Melaniidae |
Freshwater snail Melanopsis trifasciata [Gray, 1843] [endemic] |
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Planorbidae |
Freshwater snail Ferrissia dohrnianus [Clessin, 1882]
[endemic] |
Freshwater snail Ferrissia neozelanica [Suter, 1905]
[endemic] |
Freshwater snail Planorbis corinna [Gray, 1850] [endemic] |
Freshwater snail Planorbis kahuica [Finlay & Laws, 1931]
[endemic] |
Freshwater snail Physastra oconnori [Cumber, 1941]
[endemic] Extinct |
Freshwater snail Physastra variabillis [Gray, 1843] [Endemic] |
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Order Isopoda
Idoteidae |
Freshwater isopod Austridotea annectens [Nicholls, 1937]
[endemic] [6] Sparse |
Freshwater isopod Austridotea benhami [Nicholls, 1938]
[endemic] [7] Range restricted |
Freshwater isopod Austridotea lacustris [endemic] |
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Phreatoicidae |
Freshwater amphipod Neophreatoicus assimilis [Chilton, 1894]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater amphipod Notamphisopus benhami [Nicholls, 1944]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater amphipod Notamphisopus dunedinensis
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater amphipod Notamphisopus flavius [Nicholls, 1937]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater amphipod Notamphisopus kirkii [Nicholls, 1937]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient OL |
Freshwater amphipod Notamphisopus littoralis [Nicholls, 1937]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater amphipod Phreatoicus oraii [Nicholls, 1944]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater amphipod Notamphisopus percevali [Nicholls, 1937]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient |
Freshwater amphipod Phreatoicus typicus [Chilton, 1883]
[endemic] |
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Order Dorylaimida
Anatonchidae |
Freshwater nematode Miconchus rex [Cobb, 1904]
[endemic] [8] Data deficient OL |
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Order Lecithoepitheliata
Prorhynchidae |
Freshwater flatworm Prorhynchus haswelli
[Steinböck & Reisinger, 1924] [endemic] [6] Sparse DP |
Freshwater flatworm Prorhynchus putealis [Haswell, 1898]
[endemic] [6] Sparse DP |
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Order Notostraca
Triopsidae |
Tadpole shrimp (kouraura wai maori) Lepiduris viridus
[endemic] [6] Sparse |
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See more on koura