Eagle skull

Extinct birds

58 losses since human arrival
Kakapo

Flightless
birds

Takahe  Kiwi
Kakapo  Penguin
Moa  Wren

Rediscovered birds

The remarkable return of five extinct species

Critically endangered birds

Nine Red List, 26 nationally critical

Parrots & Parakeets

Kea
Kea
Kaka
Kakapo
5 parakeets
Huia

Wattlebirds

Huia
Kokako
Saddleback
Teal

Teal

Auckland Is.
Campbell Is.
Brown teal

Penguin

Yellow-eyed
Four crested
Little blue
White-flippered

Bat

Mammals

Greater & Lesser
short-tailed bats,
Long-tailed bat

Gigantism in insects

Weta
Giant worms

Living fossils

Leiopelma frogs
Land snails

Tuatara
Kauri

Big trees

Kauri

Kiwi population shrinking
"Fewer than 15 North Island brown kiwi are thought to be surviving in western Bay of Plenty, sparking fresh fears for the survival ... will be extinct there within four years unless action is taken"
New Zealand Herald
20 December 2004

New Zealand's flight path to disaster
"Few people are aware that, as the authors claim, New Zealand has a better record of the birds that lived over the past 100,000 years than any other area of the world. Our avifauna is diverse, unique, special, intriguing - and, to a large extent, extinct"
New Zealand Herald
14 January 2003

UN alert on threat
to birds

"The UN document, the bi-annual Environment Programme (UNEP) GEO-3 report, estimates a quarter of the world's mammal species and 12 per cent of birds - including 15 per cent of New Zealand species - face extinction over the
next 30 years ..."
New Zealand Herald
23 May 2002

Kiwi an Aussie who overstayed
"The kiwi, New Zealand's national bird and sports symbol, probably originated in Australia, says a New Zealand scientist. Molecular evolutionist Dr Alan Cooper led an Oxford University team that found the kiwi developed in Australia and migrated to NZ about 70 million years ago along the Norfolk Ridge, or Lord Howe Rise, that linked the two countries ..."
New Zealand Herald
8 February 2001



Home > New Zealand ecology > Native birds

The avifauna is the most striking feature of New Zealand biodiversity, and most strongly represents the evolution of unique species in a long period of isolation without mammals.  Native birds have suffered the greatest losses from human occupation, particularly since the introduction of predatory mammals.  A total of 197 native terrestrial, coastal and oceanic bird species have been identified in New Zealand.  Forty-nine (47 percent) terrestrial birds have become extinct since human colonisation 700 years ago.

Anseriformes

Anatidae

Auckland Island merganser  Mergus australis
      [endemic] Extinct
Blue-billed duck  Oxyura australis  Extinct
De Lautour's duck  Biziura delautouri  Extinct
Chatham Island duck  Pachyanas chathamica  Extinct
Finsch's duck  Euryanas finschi  Extinct
Scarlett's duck  Malacorhynchus scarletti  Extinct
Blue duck (Whio)  Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos
      [endemic] Endangered [2] Nationally endangered
Paradise shelduck (Putangitangi)  Tadorna variegata  [endemic]
Black teal (New Zealand scaup) (Papango)
      Aythya novaeseelandiae  [endemic]
Auckland Island teal  Anas aucklandica  [endemic] Vulnerable
Campbell Island teal  Anas nesiotis  [endemic]
      Critically endangered [1] Nationally critical
Brown teal (Pateke)  Anas chlorotis  [endemic] Endangered
      Brown teal  Anas chlorotis 'North Island'  [endemic]
      [2] Nationally endangered
      South Island brown teal  Anas chlorotis 'South Island'
     [endemic] [1] Nationally critical
Grey duck  Anas superciliosa superciliosa
     [2] Nationally endangered
North Island goose  Cnemiornis gracilis  Extinct
South Island goose  Cnemiornis calcitrans  Extinct
New Zealand swan  Cygnus sumnerensis  Extinct

Caprimulgiformes

Aegothelidae

New Zealand owlet-nightjar  Aegotheles novaezealandiae  Extinct

Charadriiformes

Charadriidae

South Island oystercatcher  Haematopus finschi
Chatham Island oystercatcher  Haematopus chathamensis
      Endangered [1] Nationally critical
Variable oystercatcher (Torea)  Haematopus unicolor
Wrybill (Ngutu-parore)  Anarhynchus frontalis [endemic]
      Vulnerable [3] Nationally vulnerable
Black stilt (Kaki)  Himantopus novaezelandiae  [endemic]
      Critically endangered [1] Nationally critical
New Zealand dotterel (Tuturiwhatu)  Charadrius obscurus
      [endemic]  Endangered
      Northern New Zealand dotterel  Charadrius obscurus aquilonius
      [endemic] [6] Sparse
      Southern New Zealand dotterel  Charadrius obscurus obscurus
      [endemic] [1] Nationally critical
Auckland Island banded dotterel  Charadrius bicinctus exilis
      [7] Range restricted
Banded dotterel  Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus  [5] Gradual decline
New Zealand shore plover (Tuturuata)  Thinornis novaeseelandiae
      Endangered [1] Nationally critical
Huahou (Red knot)  Calidris canutus

Laridae

Kelp gull  Larus dominicanus
Silver gull  Larus novaehollandiae
      Red-billed gull  Larus novaehollandiae scopulinus
           [endemic] [5] Gradual decline
Black-billed gull  Larus bulleri  [endemic]
      Vulnerable [4] Serious decline

Scolopacidae

Chatham Island snipe  Coenocorypha pusilla  [endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Giant Chatham Island snipe  Coenocorypha chathamica  Extinct
New Zealand snipe (Hakawai)  Coenocorypha aucklandica
      Near threatened
      Snares Island snipe  Coenocorypha aucklandica huegeli
      [endemic] [7] Range restricted
      Antipodes Island snipe  C. aucklandica meinertzhagenae
      [endemic] [7] Range restricted
      Stewart Island snipe  Coenocorypha aucklandica iredalei
      Extinct
      Little Barrier snipe  Coenocorypha aucklandica barrierensis
      Extinct
Campbell Island snipe  Coenocorypha 'Campbell' [endemic]
      [1] Nationally critical

Stercorariidae (Hakoakoa)

Arctic skua  Stercorarius parasiticus  (migratory visitor)
Brown skua (Subantarctic skua)  Catharacta lonnbergi
Southern skua  Catharacta antarctica lonnbergi  [6] Sparse

Sternidae

Caspian tern (Taranui)  Sterna caspia
      [3] Nationally vulnerable
Fairy tern  Sterna nereis davisae  [1] Nationally critical
New Zealand sooty tern  Sterna fuscata kermadeci
      [5] Gradual decline
Antarctic tern  Sterna vittata bethunei  [7] Range restricted
White-fronted tern  Sterna striata
      Southern white-fronted tern  Sterna striata aucklandorna
      [5] Gradual decline
      White-fronted tern  Sterna striata striata
      [5] Gradual decline
Black-fronted tern (Tarapiroe)  Sterna albostriata
      Endangered [2] Nationally endangered
White tern  Gygus alba royana  [1] Nationally critical
Grey ternlet  Procelsterna cerulea albivittata
      [7] Range restricted
Common noddy (Brown noddy)  Anous stolidas pileatus
      [1] Nationally critical
White-capped noddy  Anous tenuirostris minutus
      [7] Range restricted

Ciconiiformes

Ardeidae

White heron  Egretta alba modesta  [1] Nationally critical
Reef heron  Egretta sacra sacra  [2] Nationally endangered
New Zealand little bittern  Ixobrychus novaezelandiae  Extinct
Australasian bittern  Botaurus poiciloptilus
      [2] Nationally endangered

Columbiformes

Columbidae

Kereru, or kukupa (New Zealand pigeon or Wood pigeon)
      Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae  [endemic] [5] Gradual decline
Chatham Island pigeon (Parea)  Hemiphaga chathamensis
      [endemic] [1] Nationally critical

Cuculiformes

Cuculidae

Long-tailed cuckoo (Koekoea)  Eudynamys taitensis
      [5] Gradual decline

Falconiformes

Accipitridae

Eyles' harrier  Circus eylesi  Extinct
Kahu (Marsh harrier)  Circus approximans
Harpagornis (Haast's eagle, New Zealand eagle or Giant eagle)
      Harpagornis moorei  Extinct
Chatham Island sea-eagle  Haliaeetus australis  Extinct

Falconidae

New Zealand falcon (Karearea)  Falco novaeseelandiae
      Eastern falcon  Falco novaeseelandiae 'eastern'
      [5] Gradual decline
      Southern falcon  Falco novaeseelandiae 'southern'
      [2] Nationally endangered
      Bush falcon  Falco novaeseelandiae 'bush'
      [3] Nationally vulnerable

Galliformes

Phasianidae

New Zealand quail  Coturnix novaezelandiae  Extinct

Gruiformes

Rallidae  (Rail)

New Zealand coot  Fulica prisca  [endemic]  Extinct
Chatham Island coot  Fulica chathamensis  [endemic]  Extinct
Eurasian coot  Fulica atra
Marsh crake  Porzana pusilla  [endemic]
      Marsh crake (Koitareke)  Porzana pusilla affinis
      [endemic] [6] Sparse
Spotless crake (Puweto)  Porzana tabuensis plumbea
      [6] Sparse
Giant Chatham Island rail  Diaphorapteryx hawkinsi
      [endemic] Extinct
Hodgen's rail  Gallinula hodgeni  Extinct
Banded rail  Gallirallus philippensis  Extinct
      Banded rail (Moho-pereru)  Gallirallus philippensis assimilis
      [endemic] [6] Sparse
Chatham rail  Gallirallus modestus  [endemic] Extinct
Dieffenbach's rail  Gallirallus dieffenbachii  [endemic] Extinct
Snipe-rail  Capellirallus karamu  [endemic] Extinct
North Island adzebill  Aptornis otidiformis  [endemic] Extinct
South Island adzebill  Aptornis defosser  [endemic] Extinct
Auckland Island rail  Dryolimnas muelleri [endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Pukeko (Purple swamphen)  Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus
North Island takahe (Moho)  Porphyrio hochstetteri  [endemic] Extinct
South Island takahe  Porphyrio mantelli  [endemic]
      Endangered [1] Nationally critical
Weka (Woodhen)  Gallirallus australis  [endemic] Vulnerable
      Western weka  Gallirallus australis australis  [endemic]
      [4] Serious decline
      North Island weka  Gallirallus australis greyi  [endemic]
      [2] Nationally endangered
      Buff weka  Gallirallus australis hectori  [endemic]
      Stewart Island weka  Gallirallus australis scotti  [endemic]
      [2] Nationally endangered

Passeriformes

Acanthisittidae (Wren)

Bush wren (Matuhi)  Xenicus longipes [endemic]
      South Island bush wren  Xenicus longipes longipes  Extinct
      North Island bush wren  Xenicus longipes stokesi  Extinct
      Stead's bush wren (Stewart Island bush wren)
            Xenicus longipes variabilis  [endemic]  Extinct
Rock Wren  Xenicus gilviventris  [endemic]
            Vulnerable [3] Nationally vulnerable
Stephens Island wren  Traversia lyalli  [endemic]  Extinct
Rifleman (Titipounamu)  Acanthisitta chloris  [endemic]
      North Island rifleman  Acanthisitta chloris granti  [5] Gradual decline
      South Island rifleman Acanthisitta chloris chloris  [5] Gradual decline
Yaldwyn's wren  Pachyplichas yaldwyni  Extinct
Grant-Mackie's wren  Pachyplichas jagmi  Extinct

Acanthizidae

Grey warbler (Riroriro)  Gerygone igata  [endemic]
Chatham Island warbler (Chatham gerygone)  Gerygone albofrontata
      [endemic] [7] Range restricted

Artamidae

Masked woodswallow  Artamus personatus  [rare/accidental]
White-browed woodswallow  Artamus superciliosus  [rare/accidental]

Callaeidae (Wattlebirds)

Kokako  Callaeas cinerea  [endemic] Endangered
      North Island Kokako  Callaeas cinerea wilsoni
      [2] Nationally endangered
      South Island Kokako  Callaeas cinerea cinerea
      [1] Nationally critical
Saddleback (Tieke)  Philesturnus carunculatus [endemic]
      Near threatened
      North Island Saddleback  Philesturnus carunculatus rufusater
      [7] Range restricted
      South Island Saddleback  Philesturnus carunculatus
      carunculatus
  [2] Nationally endangered
Huia  Heteralocha acutirostris  [endemic]  Extinct

Corvidae

Chatham Islands raven (crow)  Corvus moriorum  Extinct
New Zealand raven (crow)  Corvus antipodum
      North Island raven (crow)  Corvus antipodum antipodum  Extinct
      South Island raven (crow)  Corvus antipodum pycrofti  Extinct

Dicruridae

Fantail (Piwakawaka)  Rhipidura fuliginosa
      North Island fantail  Rhipidura fuliginosa placabilis [endemic]
      South Island fantail  Rhipidura fuliginosa fuliginosa [endemic]
      Chatham Island fantail  Rhipidura fuliginosa penitus [endemic]

Meliphagidae

Stitchbird (Hihi)  Notiomystis cincta  [endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Tui (Parson bird)  Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae  [endemic]
      Chatham Island tui  P. novaeseelandiae chathamensis
      [endemic] [2] Nationally endangered
Red Wattlebird  Anthochaera carunculata  [rare/accidental]

Motacillidae

New Zealand pipit (Pihoihoi)  Anthus novaeseelandiae

Pachycephalidae

Whitehead (Popokotea or Popokatea)  Mohoua albicilla  [endemic]
Yellowhead (Mohua)  Mohoua ochrocephala  [endemic]
      Vulnerable [2] Nationally endangered
Brown creeper (Pipipi)  Mohoua novaeselandiae  [endemic]

Pardalotidae

New Zealand bellbird (Korimako)  Anthornis melanura  [endemic]
      Poor Knights bellbird  Anthornis melanura oneho  [endemic]
      [7] Range restricted
      Three Kings bellbird  Anthornis melanura obscura  [endemic]
      [7] Range restricted
Chatham Island bellbird  Anthornis melanocephala  Extinct

Petroicidae

Black Robin (Chatham robin)  Petroica traversi  [endemic]
      Endangered [1] Nationally critical
New Zealand robin (Toutouwai)  Petroica australis [endemic]
      South Island robin  Petroica australis australis  [endemic]
      North Island robin  Petroica australis longipes  [endemic]
      Stewart Island robin  Petroica australis rakiura
            [endemic] [2] Nationally endangered
Tomtit (Miromiro)  Petroica macrocephala  [endemic]
      Auckland Island tit  Petroica macrocephala marrineri
            [endemic] [7] Range restricted
      Chatham Island tomtit  Petroica macrocephala chathamensis
            [endemic] [2] Nationally endangered
      North Island tomtit  Petroica macrocephala toitoi  [endemic]
      Snares Island tit  Petroica macrocephala dannefaerdi
            [endemic] [7] Range restricted
      South Island tomtit  Petroica macrocephala macrocephala
            [endemic]

Sylviidae

New Zealand fernbird (Matata)  Bowdleria punctata  [endemic]
      Codfish Island fernbird (Matata)  Bowdleria punctata wilsoni
            [7] Range restricted
      Snares Island fernbird (Karoti)  Bowdleria punctata caudata
            [7] Range restricted
      North Island fernbird (Matata)  Bowdleria punctata vealeae
            [6] Sparse
      South Island fernbird (Matata)  Bowdleria punctata punctata
            [6] Sparse
      Stewart Island fernbird (Matata)  Bowdleria punctata stewartiana
            [2] Nationally endangered
Chatham Island fernbird  Bowdleria rufescens [endemic] Extinct

Turnagridae

North Island piopio  Turnagra tanagra [endemic] Extinct
South Island piopio (New Zealand thrush)  Turnagra capensis 
      [endemic] Extinct

Zosteropidae

Tauhou (Silvereye)  Zosterops lateralis

Pelecaniformes

Pelecanidae

New Zealand pelican  Pelecanus novaezealandiae  Extinct

Phaetontidae

Red-tailed tropic bird (Amokura)  Phaethon rubricauda
      [7] Range restricted

Phalacrocoracidae

Great cormorant (Kawau)  Phalacrocorax carbo
Black shag  Phalacrocorax carbo novaehollandiae
      [6] Sparse
Pied shag (Karuhiruhi)  Phalacrocorax varius
      Pied shag  Phalacrocorax varius varius [6] Sparse
Little black shag  Phalacrocorax sulcirostris  [6] Sparse
Little pied cormorant (Kawaupaka)  Phalacrocorax melanoleucos
Stewart Island shag (Bronze shag)  Leucocarbo chalconotus
      [endemic] Vulnerable [3] Nationally vulnerable
Spotted shag (Blue shag) (Parekareka)  Leucocarbo punctatus
Auckland Island shag  Leucocarbo colensoi [endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Campbell Island shag  Leucocarbo campbelli [endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
New Zealand king shag  Leucocarbo carunculatus
      [endemic] Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Pitt Island shag  Strictocarbo featherstoni [endemic]
      Endangered [3] Nationally vulnerable
Chatham Island shag  Leucocarbo onslowi  [endemic]
      Critically endangered [2] Nationally endangered
Bounty Island shag  Leucocarbo ranfurlyi  [endemic]
      Vulnerable [1] Nationally critical

Podicipediformes

Podicipedidae

Australasian grebe  Tachybaptus novaehollandiae
New Zealand dabchick (Weweia)  Poliocephalus rufopectus
      [endemic]  Vulnerable [6] Sparse
Hoary-headed grebe  Poliocephalus poliocephalus  [rare/accidental]
Great crested grebe  Podiceps cristatus
Crested grebe  Podiceps cristatus australis  [2] Nationally endangered

Procellariiformes

Toroa  (Albatross)

Antipodes albatross  Diomedea antipodensis
      Vulnerable [3] Nationally vulnerable
Wandering albatross  Diomedea exulans
Northern royal albatross (Toroa)  Diomedea sanfordi
      Endangered [7] Range restricted
Southern royal albatross (Toroa)  Diomedea epomophora
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Gibson's albatross  Diomedea gibsoni  [7] Range restricted
Black-footed albatross  Diomedea nigripes
New Zealand black-browed albatross (Campbell mollymawk)
      Thalassarche impavida  Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Gray-headed mollymawk  Thalassarche chrysostoma
      Vulnerable [4] Serious decline
Black-browed albatross  Thalassarche melanophrys
      Endangered
Buller's mollymawk (Buller's albatross)  Thalassarche bulleri
            Vulnerable
      Southern Buller's mollymawk  Thalassarche bulleri bulleri
            [7] Range restricted
      Northern Buller's mollymawk  Thalassarche bulleri platei
            [7] Range restricted
Pacific albatross  Thalassarche platei
White-capped mollymawk  Thalassarche steadi
      Near threatened [7] Range restricted  [endemic]
Chatham Island mollymawk  Thalassarche eremita
      Critically endangered [4] Serious decline
Salvin's mollymawk (Salvin's albatross)  Thalassarche salvini
      Vulnerable [3] Nationally vulnerable
Indian yellow-nosed albatross  Thalassarche carteri (bassi)
      Endangered
Sooty albatross  Phoebetria fusca  [rare/accidental]  Vulnerable
Light-mantled sooty albatross  Phoebetria palpebrata
      Near threatened [5] Gradual decline

Procellariidae  (Petrel, prion & shearwater)

New Zealand storm-petrel  Oceanites maorianis
      [1] Nationally critical
Antarctic giant petrel (Southern giant petrel)
      Macronectes giganteus  Near threatened [non-breeding]
Hall's giant petrel  Macronectes halli  Near threatened
White-bellied storm petrel  Fregetta grallaria grallaria
      [7] Range restricted
Southern fulmar  Fulmarus glacialoides
Antarctic petrel  Thalassoica antarctica  [rare/accidental]
Cape petrel  Daption capense
      Cape petrel Daption capense australe  [7] Range restricted
Kermadec white-faced storm petrel
      Pelagodroma marina albiclunis  [1] Nationally critical
Great-winged petrel  Pterodroma macroptera
Tahiti petrel  Pterodroma rostrata  [rare/accidental]
      Near threatened
White-headed petrel  Pterodroma lessonii
Phoenix petrel  Pterodroma alba
      [rare/accidental]  Endangered
White-naped (White-necked) petrel  Pterodroma cervicalis
      [rare/accidental] Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Mottled petrel  Pterodroma inexpectata
      Near threatened [7] Range restricted
Providence petrel  Pterodroma solandri
      [rare/accidental]  Vulnerable
Kermadec petrel  Pterodroma neglecta  [rare/accidental]
      [2] Nationally endangered
Taiko (Magenta petrel)  Pterodroma magentae  [endemic]
      Critically endangered [1] Nationally critical
Soft-plumaged petrel  Pterodroma mollis
Juan Fernandez petrel  Pterodroma externa
      [rare/accidental]  Vulnerable
Cook's petrel (Titi)  Pterodroma cookii
      [breeding/endemic] Endangered [5] Gradual decline
Gould's petrel  Pterodroma leucoptera
      [rare/accidental]  Vulnerable
Black-winged petrel  Pterodroma nigripennis
Chatham petrel  Pterodroma axillaris  [breeding/endemic]
      Critically endangered [2] Nationally endangered
Stejneger's petrel  Pterodroma longirostris
      [rare/accidental]  Vulnerable
Pycroft's petrel  Pterodroma pycrofti [breeding endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Blue petrel  Halobaena caerulea
Broad-billed prion  Pachyptila vittata
Salvin's prion  Pachyptila salvini
Antarctic prion  Pachyptila desolata  [5] Gradual decline
Slender-billed prion  Pachyptila belcheri
Fulmar prion  Pachyptila crassirostris crassirostris
      [7] Range restricted
Lesser fulmar prion  Pachyptila crassirostris eatoni
      [7] Range restricted
Chatham Island fulmar prion  Pachyptila crassirostris pyramidalis
      [7] Range restricted
Fairy prion  Pachyptila turtur
Grey petrel  Procellaria cinerea
      Near threatened [5] Gradual decline
White-chinned petrel  Procellaria aequinoctialis
      [7] Range restricted
Black petrel (Parkinson's petrel)  Procellaria parkinsoni
      [endemic]  Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Westland petrel  Procellaria westlandica [breeding endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Kerguelen petrel  Aphrodroma brevirostris
Cory's shearwater  Calonectris diomedea  [rare/accidental]
Kermadec little shearwater  Puffinus assimilis kermadecensis
      [7] Range restricted
Pink-footed shearwater  Puffinus creatopus
      [rare/accidental]  Vulnerable
Flesh-footed shearwater  Puffinus carneipes
      [5] Gradual decline
Wedge-tailed shearwater  Puffinus pacificus
      [rare/accidental] [7] Range restricted
Buller's shearwater  Puffinus bulleri
      [breeding endemic]  Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Sooty shearwater (Muttonbird) (Titi)  Puffinus griseus
      [5] Gradual decline
Short-tailed shearwater  Puffinus tenuirostris
Christmas shearwater  Puffinus nativitatis  [rare/accidental]
Manx shearwater  Puffinus puffinus  [rare/accidental]
Hutton's shearwater  Puffinus huttoni  [breeding endemic]
      Endangered [2] Nationally endangered
Fluttering shearwater  Puffinus gavia
Little shearwater  Puffinus assimilis
      Subantarctic little shearwater  Puffinus assimilis elegans
           [7] Range restricted

Pelecanoididae

Codfish Island South Georgian diving petrel Pelecanoides
      georgicus 'Codfish Island'
  [1] Nationally critical

Sulidae

Takapu (Gannet)  Sula serrator
Masked booby  Sula dactylatra fullageri  [7] Range restricted

Psittaciformes

Psittacidae  (Parrots & parakeets)

Kea (Mountain parrot)  Nestor notabilis  [endemic]
      Vulnerable [2] Nationally endangered
Kaka (Bush parrot)  Nestor meridionalis  [endemic]
      North Island kaka  Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis
           Vulnerable [2] Nationally endangered
      South Island kaka  Nestor meridionalis meridionalis
           Vulnerable [2] Nationally endangered
Kakapo (Owl parrot)  Strigops habroptilus  [endemic]
      Critically endangered [1] Nationally critical
New Zealand red-crowned parakeet  Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae
           [endemic]  Vulnerable
      Chatham Island red-crowned kakariki  Cyanoramphus
           novaezelandiae chathamensis
  [7] Range restricted
      Kermadec red-crowned kakariki  Cyanoramphus
           novaezelandiae cyanurus
 [7] Range restricted
Orange-fronted parakeet  Cyanoramphus malherbi  [endemic]
      Critically endangered [1] Nationally critical
Yellow-crowned parakeet  Cyanoramphus auriceps  [endemic]
      Near threatened [5] Gradual decline
Antipodes Island parakeet (Green parakeet)  Cyanoramphus unicolor
      [endemic]  Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Reischek's parakeet  Cyanoramphus erythrotis hochstetteri
      [endemic] [7] Range restricted
Forbes' parakeet  Cyanoramphus forbesi  [endemic]
      Endangered [2] Nationally endangered

Sphenisciformes

Spheniscidae  (Penguin)

Yellow-eyed penguin (Hoiho)  Megadyptes antipodes [endemic]
      Endangered [3] Nationally vulnerable
Rockhopper penguin  Eudyptes chrysocome  Vulnerable
      Eastern rockhopper penguin  Eudyptes chrysocome filholi
           [2] Nationally endangered
Fiordland crested penguin (Tawaki)  Eudyptes pachyrhynchus
      [endemic] Vulnerable [2] Nationally endangered
Snares crested penguin  Eudyptes robustus [endemic]
      Vulnerable [7] Range restricted
Erect-crested penguin  Eudyptes sclateri [endemic]
      Endangered [2] Nationally endangered
Blue penguin  Eudyptula minor
      Chatham little blue penguin  Eudyptula minor chathamensis
           [endemic] [7] Range restricted
      Cook Strait little blue penguin  Eudyptula minor variabilis
           [5] Gradual decline
      Northern little blue penguin  Eudyptula minor iredalei
           [5] Gradual decline
      Southern little blue penguin  Eudyptula minor minor
           [5] Gradual decline
      White-flippered penguin  Eudyptula minor albosignata
           [3] Nationally vulnerable

Strigiformes

Strigidae

Ruru (Morepork)  Ninox novaeseelandiae
Whekau (Laughing owl)  Sceloglaux albifacies  Extinct

Struthioniformes

Apterygidae  (Kiwi)

North Island brown kiwi  Apteryx mantelli  [endemic]
      Endangered [4] Serious decline
Rowi (Okarito brown kiwi)  Apteryx rowi  [endemic]
      Endangered [1] Nationally critical
Tokoeka  Apteryx australis  [endemic]
      Haast tokoeka  Apteryx australis 'Haast'
           Vulnerable [1] Nationally critical
      Northern Fiordland tokoeka  Apteryx australis
           'Northern Fiordland'  Vulnerable [5] Gradual decline
      Southern Fiordland tokoeka  Apteryx australis
           'Southern Fiordland'  Vulnerable [5] Gradual decline
      Stewart Island tokoeka  Apteryx australis lawryi
           Vulnerable [5] Gradual decline
Great spotted kiwi (Roroa)  Apteryx haastii  [endemic]
      Vulnerable [5] Gradual decline
Little spotted kiwi (Kiwi-pukupuku)  Apteryx owenii
      [endemic] Vulnerable [7] Range restricted

Dinornithidae  (Moa)

Mappin's moa  Pachyornis mappini 'Eastern North Island'
      [new unamed diverging species]  Extinct
Mappin's moa  Pachyornis mappini 'Western North Island'
      [new unamed diverging species]  Extinct
Heavy-footed moa  Pachyornis elephantopus 'Canterbury/Otago'
      [new unamed diverging species]  Extinct
Heavy-footed moa  Pachyornis elephantopus 'Southland'
      [new unamed diverging species]  Extinct
Crested moa  Pachyornis australis  Extinct
Stout-legged moa  Euryapteryx geranoides  Extinct
Eastern moa  Emeus crassus  Extinct
Little bush moa  Anomalopteryx didiformis  Extinct
Giant moa  Dinornis robustus  Extinct
Giant moa  Dinornis robustus 'Northwest Nelson'
      [new unamed diverging species]  Extinct
Giant moa  Dinornis robustus 'Otago'
      [new unamed diverging species]  Extinct
Large bush moa  Dinornis novaezealandiae  Extinct
Upland moa  Megalapteryx didinus  Extinct
Upland moa  Megalapteryx benhami  Extinct



Other native bird lists

Botanical name list
Extinct native birds
2000 IUCN Red List

Summary of Species

Total bird species

240

Total birds (including ssp)

273

Total extinctions

58

Living birds

215

Oceanic species

78

Oceanic birds

82

Oceanic extinctions

1

Coastal species

48

Coastal birds

54

Terrestrial species

114

Terrestrial birds

137

Terrestrial extinctions

57

Percent extinct land birds

42%

Living terrestrial birds

80

2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Critically endangered

8

Endangered

20

Vulnerable

44

Near threatened

9

Total listed

80

NZ 2005 Threat Classification System

[1] Nationally critical

25

[2] Nationally endangered

22

[3] Nationally vulnerable

9

[4] Serious decline

8

[5] Gradual decline

20

[6] Sparse

11

[7] Range restricted

50

Total listed

145

Anseriformes

14

Anatidae
(Duck, Geese & Swan)


14

Caprimulgiformes

1

Aegothelidae

1

Charadriiformes
(Coastal birds)


30

Charadriidae

10

Laridae

4

Scolopacidae

4

Stercorariidae (Hakoakoa)

2

Sternidae

10

Ciconiiformes

1

Ardeidae

1

Columbiformes

1

Columbidae

1

Cuculiformes

1

Cuculidae

1

Falconiformes

5

Accipitridae

4

Falconidae

1

Galliformes

1

Phasianidae

1

Gruiformes

13

Rallidae (Rail)

13

Passeriformes

32

Acanthisittidae (Wren)

6

Acanthizidae

2

Artamidae

2

Callaeidae (Wattlebirds)

3

Corvidae

1

Dicruridae

1

Meliphagidae

3

Motacillidae

1

Pachycephalidae

3

Pardalotidae

2

Petroicidae

3

Sylviidae

2

Turnagridae

2

Zosteropidae

1

Pelecaniformes

14

Pelecanidae (Pelican)

1

Phaetontidae

1

Phalacrocoracidae
(Cormorant & Shag)

12

Podicipediformes

4

Podicipedidae

4

Procellariiformes

58

Pelecanoididae
(Diving petrel)


1

Procellariidae (Petrel,
Prion & Shearwater)


46

Sulidae (Gannet)

1

Toroa (Albatross)

11

Psittaciformes

9

Psittacidae
(Parrots & Parakeets)


9

Sphenisciformes

6

Spheniscidae (Penguin)

6

Strigiformes

2

Strigidae (Owl)

2

Struthioniformes

19

Apterygidae (Kiwi)

5

Dinornithidae (Moa)

14


Additional birds extinct before human settlement

Manu antiquus
Albatross (unnamed)
Aptenodytes ridgeni
Ridgen's penguin
Archaeospheniscus lopdelli
Lopdell's penguin
Archaeospheniscus lowei
Lowe's penguin
Duntroonornis parvus
Duntroon penguin
Korora oliveri
Oliver's penguin
Marplesornis novaezealandiae
Harris' penguin
Pachydyptes ponderosus
New Zealand giant penguin
Palaeeudyptes antarcticus
Narrow flippered penguin
Palaeeudyptes marplesi
Marples' penguin
Platydyptes amiesi
Amies' penguin
Platydyptes novaezealandiae
Wide-flippered penguin
Pygoscelis tyreei
Tyree's penguin
Tereingaornis moisleyi
Moisley's penguin
Pelagornis miocaenus
Miocene false-toothed pelican
Pseudodontornis stirtoni
Stirton's false-toothed pelican

Photo Credit
Right top:
Takahe and chick, Keith Moon
Left 2nd from top: Kakapo
Left 4th from top: Kokako
Left 5th from top: Tusked weta
Left 6th from top: Archeys frog
Crown Copyright © Department of Conservation
Left bottom: Large kauri, permission of the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand must be obtained before any re-use of this image.

Copyright © 2006-2008 TerraNature Trust. All rights reserved.


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