3 degrees: Chief scientist warns bigger rise in world's temperature will put 400 million at risk

By Andrew Grice, 15 April 2006

The world's temperature is on course to rise by more than 3°C despite efforts to combat global warming, Britain's chief scientist has warned.

Sir David King issued a stark wake-up call that climate change could cause devastating consequences such as famine and drought for hundreds of millions of people, unless the world's politicians take more urgent action.

Britain and the rest of the European Union have signed up to a goal of limiting the temperature rise to2°C. In his strongest warning yet on the issue, Sir David suggested the EU limit will be exceeded.

According to computer-modelled predictions for the Government, a 3°C rise in temperatures could put 400 million more people at risk of hunger; leave between one and three billion more people at risk of water stress; cause cereal crop yields to fall by between 20 and 400 million tons; and destroy half the world's nature reserves.

Environmentalists warned that Greenland's ice cap could melt, raising sea levels by six metres.  In Britain, the main threat would come from flooding and "coastal attack" as sea levels rose.

In a BBC interview yesterday, Sir David said it was essential that the world began to make the necessary changes now. "We don't have to succumb to a state of despondency where we say that there is nothing we can do so let's just carry on living as per usual.  It is very important to understand that we can manage the risks to our population - and around the world," he said.

"What we are talking about here is something that will play through over decades - we are talking 100 years or so.  We need to begin that process of investment.  It is going to be a major challenge for the developing countries.  There are no certainties here".

Sir David said "if we move to a level of carbon dioxide of 550 parts per million - which is roughly twice the pre-industrial level and the level at which we would be optimistically hoping we could settle - the temperature rise could well be in excess of 3°C.  And yet we are saying 550 parts per million in the atmosphere is probably the best we can achieve through global agreement."

Tony Blair appears resigned to not securing a "Kyoto mark 2" agreement under which countries would set firm targets to cut greenhouse gas emissions, which is opposed by the Bush administration, India and China.  But he is trying to win international agreement on a goal of stabilising temperatures and carbon emissions at current levels when the Kyoto agreement expires in 2012, mainly through cleaner energy technology.

Sir David made a thinly veiled attack on President Bush's approach after his chief climate adviser James Connaughton said recently he did not believe anyone could forecast a safe carbon dioxide level and that cutting greenhouse gas emissions could harm the world economy.

Sir David said politicians who believed they could simply rely on new technologies to produce cleaner fuels should start listening to the scientists. "There is a difference between optimism and head in the sand," he said.

But the Government's critics accused Sir David of being defeatist. Tony Juniper, director of Friends of the Earth said, "It is technologically possible to significantly reduce our emissions and deliver 2°C.  Professor King should be pressing for Government policies to deliver on this rather than accepting the current lack of political will and talking of three degrees as an inevitability.

"The best thing Tony Blair could do is to bring in the climate change law called for in The Big Ask campaign which would enable the UK to show the world that it is possible to reduce emissions by delivering on our targets at home."

Peter Ainsworth, the shadow Environment Secretary said, "Sir David King's pessimism on climate change is disturbing.  All credible scientific evidence, including his own, clearly implies that a rise in global temperature of over 2°C would threaten to unleash rapid and catastrophic climate change, leading to economic and social disaster. The world's poorest people would be hit first and hardest.  With effective political action at international, national and local levels, we can not only avert this disaster, but also create lasting prosperity based on clean, new technologies. Defeatism can only pave the way to a miserable future."

Tony Grayling, associate director of the Institute for Public Policy Research said, "We are not bound to get to 3°C.  Even with technology we have got, we can stay within 2 C."  He urged the Government to set a target of cutting its carbon dioxide emissions by 90 per cent by 2050.  It has pledged to reduce them by 60 percent by 2050, but admitted last month it would miss its goal of cutting them by 20 percent of 1990 levels by 2010.

The above view of Earth's southern hemisphere over 24-hours shows the ice and snow of Antarctica, a broad fan of broken offshore pack ice, continental glaciers protruding into the sea, and the regularly spaced weather systems.  Image NASA JPL
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